Penguatan Sistem Karantina sebagai Instrumen Pertahanan Nirmiliter dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Biologis di Indonesia
Strengthening The Quarantine System As A Non-Military Defence Measure In Addressing Biological Threats In Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v6i3.1554Keywords:
Badan Karantina Indonesia, biosecurity, Non-Traditional Security, peperangan asimetris, pertahanan nir-militerAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji ancaman biologis pada pintu masuk komoditas Indonesia dan peran Badan Karantina Indonesia dalam pertahanan nir-militer melalui perspektif Non-Traditional Security dan peperangan asimetris. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi dokumen dengan menelaah regulasi, dokumen resmi, berita institusional, literatur akademik, dan standar internasional. Analisis isi, analisis tematik, serta analisis kasus komparatif digunakan untuk membaca enam kasus pada sektor hewan, ikan, dan tumbuhan yang mencakup pemasukan dari luar negeri dan pergerakan antarwilayah domestik. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dua pola utama. Pemasukan dari luar negeri menuntut penilaian risiko, verifikasi persyaratan kesehatan, pemeriksaan di titik pemasukan, dan dukungan pengujian laboratorium. Pergerakan antarwilayah domestik menempatkan ketertelusuran komoditas, kepatuhan terhadap sertifikat karantina, pengawasan distribusi, dan penegakan hukum sebagai kebutuhan utama. Temuan ini menempatkan Badan Karantina Indonesia sebagai aktor strategis yang melakukan pencegahan, deteksi, dan pengendalian sebelum media pembawa memasuki rantai produksi serta distribusi. Kasus-kasus yang dikaji serta rencana pengembangan fasilitas nasional mengindikasikan potensi kesenjangan antara integrasi kelembagaan di tingkat pusat dan kapasitas operasional di lapangan. Penguatan laboratorium, instalasi karantina, sumber daya manusia teknis, sistem informasi, logistik, dan koordinasi operasional diperlukan agar fungsi karantina berjalan sebagai pertahanan nir-militer yang berbasis otoritas ilmiah.
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