Efektivitas Intervensi Mobile Health Terhadap Self-Management Dan Kontrol Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi Dewasa: Tinjauan Naratif Terstruktur

The Effectiveness Of Mobile Health Interventions On Self-Management And Blood Pressure Control In Adult Patients With Hypertension: A Structured Narrative Review

Authors

  • Muhammad G. A. Putra Eldad Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
  • Onesifarus Sopater Program Studi Keperawatan, Universitas Cenderawasih

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v6i2.1490

Keywords:

Hipertensi, Mobile Health, Mhealth, Self-Management, Kontrol Tekanan Darah, Keperawatan

Abstract

Hipertensi memerlukan pengelolaan jangka panjang yang bergantung pada kemampuan pasien memantau tekanan darah, mematuhi terapi, dan mempertahankan perilaku hidup sehat. Mobile health (mHealth) menawarkan dukungan self-management yang dapat diakses di luar fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas intervensi mHealth terhadap self-management dan kontrol tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi dewasa serta mengidentifikasi komponen intervensi yang paling menjanjikan untuk praktik keperawatan. Metode: Tinjauan literatur naratif terstruktur ini disusun dengan mengacu pada domain kualitas SANRA. Pertanyaan kajian dirumuskan menggunakan kerangka Population-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome-Study design (PICOS). Penelusuran dilakukan pada PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central, portal jurnal ilmiah, dan daftar pustaka artikel kunci untuk publikasi Januari 2018 sampai 31 Juli 2026. Kata kunci meliputi hypertension, mobile health, mHealth, mobile application, smartphone, text messaging, self-management, self-care, medication adherence, blood pressure control, dan nursing. Systematic review/meta-analysis serta randomized atau cluster-randomized controlled trial pada pasien hipertensi dewasa diprioritaskan. Data diekstraksi ke dalam matriks terstruktur, dinilai secara kritis berdasarkan desain dan risiko keterbatasannya, kemudian disintesis secara naratif-tematik; meta-analisis baru tidak dilakukan. Hasil: Meta-analisis menunjukkan intervensi mHealth menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik sekitar 2-6 mmHg dan diastolik sekitar 1-3 mmHg, meskipun heterogenitas dan risiko bias masih ditemukan. Dampak pada self-management paling konsisten terlihat pada kepatuhan pengobatan, pemantauan mandiri, efikasi diri, dan pengetahuan. Intervensi yang bersifat personal, interaktif, multikomponen, menggabungkan self-monitoring dengan umpan balik, serta melibatkan perawat menunjukkan efek yang lebih besar. Sebaliknya, aplikasi yang hanya memberi pengingat atau pencatatan pasif tidak selalu menghasilkan perbedaan tekanan darah dibandingkan perawatan standar. Kesimpulan: Intervensi mHealth secara umum menunjukkan manfaat yang menjanjikan sebagai pendamping perawatan untuk memperkuat self-management dan mendukung kontrol tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi dewasa. Namun, besaran dan konsistensi manfaat bervariasi menurut komponen intervensi, intensitas dukungan tenaga kesehatan, kelompok pembanding, engagement, dan kualitas metodologis studi; karena itu mHealth tidak menggantikan penilaian klinis maupun hubungan terapeutik. Implementasi keperawatan perlu menekankan literasi digital, teknik pengukuran tekanan darah yang benar, personalisasi tujuan, tindak lanjut berbasis risiko, keamanan data, dan integrasi dengan pelayanan primer.

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Published

2026-06-30

How to Cite

Putra Eldad , M. G. A. ., & Sopater, O. (2026). Efektivitas Intervensi Mobile Health Terhadap Self-Management Dan Kontrol Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi Dewasa: Tinjauan Naratif Terstruktur: The Effectiveness Of Mobile Health Interventions On Self-Management And Blood Pressure Control In Adult Patients With Hypertension: A Structured Narrative Review. Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia, 6, 67–82. https://doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v6i2.1490