DAS CONFERENCE INTERNATIONAL SERIES

Governing Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems: International Humanitarian Law, Global Governance, and Civilian Protection

Ahmad Rafid Naufal, Muhammad Rafli Hussein, Muhammad Naufal Dzaky — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has accelerated the emergence of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) which change the character of contemporary armed conflict and pose new challenges in terms of global law, humanitarian and governance. Although International Humanitarian Law (HHI) remains the main legal framework governing the conduct of armed conflict, the increasing autonomy of armed systems raises issues regarding accountability, meaningful human control, and the protection of civilians. This study aims to analyze the extent to which HHI equipped with a Global Governance approach can answer the challenge of using LAWS in ensuring the protection of civilians in contemporary armed conflicts. The research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach through analysis of international legal instruments, United Nations documents, reports of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and scientific literature on autonomous weapons and AI governance. The results of the study show that HHI is still relevant as a normative foundation, but its implementation faces governance gaps due to the absence of binding international regulations specifically regarding LAWS. In addition, the principle of distinction faces significant challenges because autonomous systems have the potential to misidentify civilians. From the perspective of Constructivism, the development of LAWS regulations is influenced by the process of forming international norms involving states, international organizations, and civil society. Therefore, strengthening multilateral cooperation and building human-centered governance mechanisms is an important step to strengthen the protection of civilians in the era of autonomous warfare.

The Impact of Chatbot Usage on Customer Satisfaction: an Empirical Study of Tokopedia Users

Refina Rizky Julianty, Fitra Faradila, Muhammad Febriansyah, Anggreany Hustia — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Digital transformation has encouraged e-commerce companies to adopt AI-based automated service technologies, one of which is chatbots. Tokopedia, as one of the largest e-commerce platforms in Indonesia, utilizes chatbot features to help customers obtain information quickly, practically, and efficiently. This study aims to analyze the use of chatbots in relation to Tokopedia customer satisfaction among students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach focusing on users' experiences, perceptions, and evaluations when interacting with Tokopedia's chatbot service. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving purposively selected informants, namely students who had used Tokopedia and interacted with the chatbot for information seeking or transaction-related problem solving. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that Tokopedia's chatbot contributes positively in terms of response speed, ease of access, and service efficiency for routine inquiries. However, customer satisfaction has not reached an optimal level due to limitations in contextual understanding, answer accuracy, and the chatbot's ability to handle more complex issues. This study contributes to the growing discussion on AI-based digital services in e-commerce, particularly by evaluating chatbot user experience among university students as an important segment of digital consumers.

Establish the Exact Procedures for the SVAS (Sitting Volleyball Assessment Skills) Application

Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Establishing detailed test implementation procedures (establishing the exact procedures). This activity aims to produce standardized, systematic, easy-to-implement, and consistent measurement procedures so that each athlete is tested under the same conditions and mechanisms. The research method used is test construction research and development. Based on the results, the test implementation procedures using the SVAS application are systematically structured, from the initialization stage to the presentation of statistical results. The procedure begins with entering team and athlete identities, followed by determining categories and matches, selecting teams and lineups, selecting observation sources, and recording athlete skills during matches. The conclusion of Establishing the Exact Procedures results in standard procedures for using the SVAS application, which include data initialization, match preparation, lineup determination, video source selection, skill recording, success status classification, recording attack directions, rotations and substitutions, match finalization, and statistical presentation. This standardization of procedures serves as the basis for the measurement process to be implemented consistently and replicated across different athletes and matches.

Analysis Of Technological Factors In The Adoption Of Digital Payment Applications (E-Wallets) By MSMEs In Plaju Palembang

Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The development of financial technology (fintech) has encouraged a shift in payment systems from conventional methods to digital payments that are faster, more practical, and more efficient. One of the innovations that has grown rapidly in Indonesia is the digital payment application (e-wallet), which is increasingly utilized by the public and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). However, the level of e-wallet adoption among MSMEs is still influenced by various factors, particularly technological factors. This study aims to analyze the technological factors on the adoption of digital payment applications (e-wallets) by MSMEs in Plaju District, Palembang City. The technological factors examined include ease of use, system security and reliability, and technological infrastructure support. This study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method through questionnaires distributed to MSME owners selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicate that the majority of respondents have positive perceptions regarding ease of use, system security and reliability, as well as technological infrastructure support in using e-wallets. Furthermore, the use of e-wallets provides benefits such as improved transaction efficiency, faster payment processes, and easier transaction management. The findings suggest that increasing digital payment adoption among MSMEs requires technology that is easy to use, secure, and supported by adequate infrastructure and digital literacy.

The Effect Of Logistics Service Quality And Perceived Marine Cargo Insurance On Customer Satisfaction: The Mediating Role Of Trust Among Logistics Service Users

Rosalia Herawaty — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the mediating role of Trust in the relationship between Logistics Service Quality (LSQ), Marine Cargo Insurance (MCI), and Customer Satisfaction among logistics service users. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design was employed. Data were collected from 100 respondents who had experience using logistics services and were familiar with Marine Cargo Insurance. Purposive sampling was applied, and the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The results indicate that Logistics Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on Trust, whereas Marine Cargo Insurance does not significantly influence Trust. Furthermore, Trust has a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction. The mediation analysis reveals that Trust significantly mediates the relationship between Logistics Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction. However, Trust does not mediate the relationship between Marine Cargo Insurance and Customer Satisfaction due to the insignificant effect of Marine Cargo Insurance on Trust. This study contributes to the logistics and relationship marketing literature by emphasizing the central role of Trust in translating service quality into customer satisfaction. The findings suggest that customers tend to place greater emphasis on service performance than on risk protection mechanisms such as Marine Cargo Insurance when developing trust toward logistics service providers. Practically, the results provide insights for logistics companies and insurance providers in enhancing customer trust and satisfaction through service quality improvement and more effective communication of insurance benefits.

Socratic Dialogue For Sustainable Futures: Groups Guidance Innovation To Build Students’ Critical Thinking Skills

Febi Dwi Fahriza, Agus Taufiq — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Critical thinking has been identified as one of the fundamental competencies students must acquire, as emphasized in Indonesia's national education policy, which positions critical reasoning as a mandatory graduate profile dimension achieved through meaningful, contextual learning. However, national and international assessments indicate that Indonesian students' critical thinking skills remain persistently low, and preliminary observations in junior high school group guidance practice reveal that students still struggle to analyze problems systematically, evaluate information critically, and make logically reasoned decisions. While prior studies have shown that Socratic dialogue can effectively enhance critical thinking across various educational and counseling settings, none have produced a comprehensive, operational guide that enables school counselors to implement Socratic dialogue systematically within group guidance sessions. This study aims to address that gap by developing a structured guide for applying Socratic dialogue in group guidance to build critical thinking skills of eight-grade students at SMPN 2 Ciwaringin, Cirebon. A literature review method was employed, synthesizing critical thinking theories, group guidance principles, and Socratic questioning frameworks to construct a guide that maps Socratic questioning stages to core critical thinking skills within the procedural structure of group guidance. The findings indicate that Socratic dialogue can be systematically embedded into group guidance stages to stimulate interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation among students.

Optimizing Prosocial Behavior Of Elementary School Students Through Discussion-Based Group Guidance Services

Atih Faridah, Yusi Riksa Yustiana, Eka Sakti Yudha — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study addresses prosocial behavior as a foundation for healthy interpersonal relationships and for the emotional, social, and academic development of elementary school children. In practice, prosocial behavior often develops incidentally and is rarely facilitated through a systematic group-based guidance strategy, creating a gap between social-learning theory and school practice. This study aims to describe the implementation of a discussion-based group guidance service and the dynamics of students’ prosocial development across three aspects: empathy, cooperation, and sharing. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was applied to fifth-grade students of SDN 1 Karangpawitan, Ciamis, selected purposively. Data were collected through participatory observation, interviews with the classroom teacher and students, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing; trustworthiness was ensured through technique and source triangulation. The guidance program was designed systematically from a needs analysis and delivered in six structured sessions, each following opening, core, and closing stages in which students shared roles, discussed problems, and presented results. The findings indicate that discussion-based group guidance optimized students’ prosocial behavior: empathy increased through active listening and appreciation of peers, cooperation strengthened through equitable task-sharing and responsibility, and sharing grew through openness in offering help and ideas. The service is a viable, contextual model that supports the SDGs, particularly quality education.

Politeness Strategies In Compliment Responses Among Indonesian EFL University Students

Mutiara Ningsih — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Compliment responses constitute an important aspect of pragmatic competence because they reflect speakers' ability to maintain interpersonal relationships through appropriate language use. For English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, responding to compliments appropriately remains challenging since it requires balancing appreciation toward the compliment giver while avoiding excessive self-praise. This study aims to investigate the politeness strategies employed by Indonesian EFL university students in responding to compliments in English. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive research design involving 30 undergraduate students enrolled in an English Education program at Universitas Riau. Data were collected through a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) consisting of ten compliment-response scenarios and followed by semi-structured interviews to explore the participants' reasons for selecting particular responses. The data were analyzed using Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson's politeness theory, which categorizes politeness into bald-on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record strategies. The findings indicate that positive politeness is the most frequently employed strategy, primarily realized through expressions of gratitude, compliment acceptance, and agreement. Negative politeness appears when students employ modesty and self-deprecating expressions to reduce self-praise, whereas off-record and bald-on-record strategies occur less frequently. The study also reveals that the participants' choice of politeness strategies is influenced by social distance, interlocutor status, familiarity, and the communicative context. These findings demonstrate that Indonesian EFL university students generally possess adequate pragmatic awareness in responding to compliments; however, the variation in their responses suggests the need for more explicit instruction on pragmatic competence and politeness strategies in English language classrooms. The study contributes to the growing body of research on pragmatics by providing empirical evidence on compliment responses among Indonesian EFL learners and offers pedagogical implications for enhancing pragmatic competence in higher education.

G-Light: Green House Magic Light As An Innovative Pest Control System For Horticultural Crops Supporting SDGs 2045

Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Indonesia is an agrarian country in which roughly 80% of the population works in agriculture, and horticulture is a key sector supporting national food security. Horticultural production, however, frequently faces yield losses from pest and disease attacks, including insects, nematodes, rodents, bacteria, viruses, and fungi, which reduce both crop quality and farmers' income. This study aims to design and describe G-Light, a futuristic innovation for pest control in horticultural plants, and to explain its advantages and benefits within a greenhouse farming context. Rather than relying on descriptive literature review alone, this study adopts a research and development (R&D) approach grounded in Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), covering the problem-identification, objective-definition, design-and-development, and demonstration stages of building a technological artifact. Secondary data were collected through documentation study and internet searching, and analyzed descriptively through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, complemented by a SWOT analysis of the proposed system. The results show that G-Light, which combines red and blue light spectra with a solar-powered irrigation and humidity-sensing system, is conceptually effective in improving plant growth conditions while suppressing pest populations inside a greenhouse without relying on chemical pesticides. The design further outlines a phased implementation roadmap, from prototype testing to pilot projects and broader adoption. G-Light is positioned as a environmentally friendly innovation that can enhance horticultural productivity and offers a practical reference for government bodies, non-governmental organizations, and communities seeking sustainable pest-management solutions aligned with the SDGs 2045 agenda.

Prophetic Communication Ethics as a Foundation for Morality in the Public Sphere

Agung Drajat Sucipto — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Prophetic communication is a process of information exchange that aims not merely for message effectiveness but also constitutes a form of moral responsibility for the communicator—one that must be accounted for before God. Ethics serves as the moral foundation for a communicator driven by a spirit of humanization aimed at transcendence. Consequently, the success of prophetic communication is measured not only by the effectiveness and efficiency of message delivery—as is the case with conventional communication—but also by its alignment with ethical and moral values and its grounding in truth. Through a qualitative literature review, Kuntowijoyo identified three pillars of prophetic communication: humanization, liberation, and transcendence. Each pillar is then analyzed in the context of realities within the public sphere. Unlike daily life, which is structured by existing societal norms, the digital-era public sphere requires a framework to manage its rapid communication patterns. The ethics of prophetic communication encompass six elements: the concept of public-sphere morality, communicator honesty and credibility, social responsibility in message delivery, the avoidance of hoaxes and hate speech, tabayyun (verification of information), and the cultivation of an ethical communication culture. The integration of the public sphere concept and the culture of ethical communication contributes significantly to the development of a prophetic communication paradigm one that is not only effective in message delivery but also oriented toward fostering a civilized, inclusive, and just society.

Beyond Commitment: Identity And Bounded Affection In Sapphic Digital Interaction

Tuhfatul Mubarokah Assalamah, Widya Astika Putri — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This article examines how Indonesian sapphic communities build identity, affection, and social interaction through digital platforms while negotiating family pressure, selective visibility, and safety risks. Positioned within the Identity, Diversity, and Social Interaction subtheme, the study develops Bounded Affection Theory to explain friends with affection (FWA) as a relational category that enables care, comfort, daily communication, and romantic-light exchange without requiring ownership, formal dating, or full public legibility. The research was conducted from March 2025 to March 2026 and combines descriptive analysis of 104 anonymized informant responses, semi-structured Zoom interviews with 43 selected sapphic informants, thematic analysis of 385 FWA-related X posts, and contextual reading of 1,484 broader sapphic posts. The findings show that informants practiced selective visibility, being open in trusted circles or online while remaining cautious around family, religious settings, campus, work, and hometown contexts. Digital platforms functioned as safety infrastructure through pseudonyms, second accounts, closed groups, privacy settings, trace deletion, and platform migration. FWA circulated as an active relational category through which users negotiated affection, jealousy, limits, baper, relational labels, and the boundary between friendship and dating. The study concludes that sustainable digital futures require more than connectivity: they require social arrangements that protect identity, recognize diversity, and support ethical interaction under conditions of unequal recognition.

The Urgency Of Using Social Media For Public Health Centers (A Case Study in Pamekasan and Sampang)

Henny Hidayanti, Munari — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Social media has a broad and ever-growing meaning that makes it easier for certain individuals or communities to gather and communicate, as well as share information, ideas, photos, and other content, which can bring significant changes to society both in urban and rural areas and at the same time bring new habits. As a virtual public space, social media has the potential to be used positively so that it can be developed into a means to share, increase common capacity and have an impact on daily life for the better. The type of research in this study is qualitative descriptive research, which is research that examines the appearance or phenomenon of what the research subject experiences. The selection of informants used a purposive sample, namely the health center as a health service provider under the Health Office selected by the Health Office, namely 5 informants from Pamekasan Regency and 5 informants from Sampang Regency. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews with informants with in-depth and unstructured interview guidelines. Data analysis was carried out using interactive qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the study found that almost all informants (Puskesmas) used social media Whatsapp and Instagram to convey health information, health center activities during the pandemic, and health services at the health center. According to most informants, Whatsapp and Instagram are easier to do, easier to accept by the wider community, do not require special time, and are faster in delivering information. Most health centers upload information related to health and their activities during the pandemic or before the pandemic which is carried out almost every day by health center officers or following a pre-planned schedule.

Sustainability Literacy In Education: A Bibliometric Review And Systematic Analysis Of Highly Cited Studies

Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Sustainability literacy has become an essential educational priority for preparing learners to address complex environmental, social, and economic challenges. Despite growing research interest, the intellectual development and major research contributions in this field remain insufficiently synthesized. This study aimed to map the global research landscape of sustainability literacy in education through a bibliometric analysis complemented by a systematic review of highly cited studies. Bibliographic data were retrieved from the Scopus database using the search query TITLE-ABS-KEY ("sustainability literacy" AND "education") for publications from 2016 to 2026. Following the PRISMA 2020 screening process, 172 articles were analyzed using Bibliometrix (Biblioshiny), VOSviewer, and Microsoft Excel. The findings reveal a steady increase in publication output, peaking in 2025, with the United States, the United Kingdom, and China as the leading contributors. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education and Sustainability were the leading publication sources, while Mokos Melita was the most productive author. Research has shifted from foundational sustainability literacy toward the Sustainable Development Goals, competency development, and innovative pedagogical approaches. The systematic review identified four major themes: sustainability literacy assessment, knowledge and behavior gaps, competency-based education, and pedagogical innovation. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the field's evolution and offer valuable directions for future research, educational practice, and policy development.

Digital Financial Management Of SMEs: A Literature Study On The Role Of Financial Literacy, Accounting, And Entrepreneurial Orientation

Aisyah Andini Althafah, Sri Trisnaningsih — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This literature review aims to analyze the role of financial literacy, basic accounting understanding, and entrepreneurial orientation in digital financial management among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The rapid digital transformation has pushed MSMEs to adopt financial technology to improve business efficiency and competitiveness. However, adaptation rates remain suboptimal due to various internal factors. This study synthesizes findings from various academic journals and previous research to build a comprehensive theoretical framework. The results indicate that financial literacy enhances the ability to utilize digital financial applications effectively. Basic accounting understanding serves as a foundation for recording and interpreting financial data within applications. Entrepreneurial orientation—characterized by innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-tasking—drives the intention to adopt digital financial tools. This review identifies a research gap in the simulataneous examination of these three variables, offering theoretical contributions and practical recommendations for stakeholders to design more effective training programs for MSMEs in the digital era.

Regulatory Impact Analysis (Ria) Of The Prohibition Of Medical Marijuana In Indonesia: A Perspective Of Responsive Legal Theory

Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study analyzes the implications of Indonesia's prohibition on medical cannabis use for healthcare services through the instrument of Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA), and formulates an ideal policy reconstruction based on Nonet and Selznick's Responsive Law Theory. Although Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution guarantees the right to health and the Constitutional Court has mandated comprehensive scientific studies, Article 8(1) of the Narcotics Law and Health Ministry Regulation No. 15 of 2025 continue to classify cannabis as a Class I narcotic without medical exception. This normative legal research employs statute, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches, analyzed qualitatively-prescriptively through systematic and teleological interpretation. The RIA analysis reveals a significant cost-benefit imbalance: cannabis remains the most abused narcotic despite total prohibition, while patients with refractory epilepsy and cerebral palsy lose access to alternative therapy, as illustrated by the criminalization of Fidelis Arie Sudewarto and the death of Pika Sasikirana. Further findings show incoherence with the Health Law, the absence of stakeholder consultation, and the lack of a periodic evaluation mechanism, reflecting the characteristics of autonomous law. Drawing on Thailand's 2018–2025 regulatory transition, which demonstrates that strict control is more effective than total prohibition, this study proposes a five-pillar reconstruction model: tiered licensing, controlled distribution, dosage standardization, medical personnel training, and periodic evaluation. The study concludes that Indonesia's narcotics law must be revised toward a purposive, participatory, and substantively just legal character, without abandoning its social control function.

Human-Centred Digital Communication Literacy Among Vocational High School Students: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Knowledge, Attitudes, And Scenario-Based Judgment

Ely Aprilia — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Digital literacy extends beyond technical proficiency to encompass ethical awareness, empathy, contextual communication, privacy, and responsible decision-making in digital environments. This study examined human-centred digital communication literacy among vocational high school students through three dimensions: knowledge, self-reported attitudes, and scenario-based judgment. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 154 students using an instrument comprising 10 knowledge questions, 15 four-point Likert-scale attitude statements, and five digital communication scenarios. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, internal-consistency analysis, item-level examination, and Spearman’s rank correlation. The results indicated high knowledge scores (M = 9.77 out of 10) and scenario-based judgment scores (M = 4.93 out of 5), while attitudes toward human-centred digital communication showed greater variation (M = 3.34 out of 4). Knowledge, attitudes, and scenario-based judgment were positively but weakly associated, with Spearman’s coefficients ranging from 0.186 to 0.271. However, 86.4% of the participants achieved the maximum knowledge score, and 94.8% achieved the maximum scenario-based judgment score, indicating substantial ceiling effects. These findings suggest that students demonstrated strong awareness of appropriate digital communication principles, including clarity, empathy, digital ethics, privacy, and responsible artificial intelligence use. Nevertheless, the limited score variation indicates that conventional correct–incorrect questions and relatively straightforward scenarios may be insufficiently sensitive to distinguish different levels of digital communication competence. Digital literacy education should therefore incorporate more complex, context-sensitive, and authentic assessments that evaluate not only what students know and report, but also how they reason through ambiguous digital communication situations.

Visual Storytelling as a Marketing Tool for SMEs on Instagram

Rudi Hermanto, Sri Desti Purwatiningsih — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study explores the role of visual storytelling as a digital marketing strategy for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) on Instagram. Employing a qualitative approach with a multiple case study design, the research involved six purposively selected Indonesian MSMEs. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, content observation, and documentation, then analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis. Three main implementation patterns emerged: origin story narratives, behind-the-scenes content, and customer journey storytelling. Five effective visual elements were identified: consistency in visual identity, human elements, conflict-resolution narratives, strategic use of color, and synergy between captions and visuals. MSMEs that consistently implemented these approaches demonstrated higher consumer engagement rates, stronger brand trust, and more sustainable customer loyalty. This study reinforces the relevance of consumer engagement theory (Brodie et al., 2013; Hollebeek et al., 2014) and visual semiotics perspectives within digital MSME marketing contexts.

Cultural Diplomacy in the Age of Social Media: A Narrative Analysis of Identity Politics and Its Implications for Sustainable Development

Evisa Nindya Rimadhani — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Cultural diplomacy has undergone significant transformation alongside the penetration of social media into nearly every aspect of human life. This phenomenon has opened up new dimensions in the practice of international communication, while simultaneously giving rise to the complexities of identity politics that have the potential to influence the trajectory of sustainable development. This study aims to (1) analyze the dynamics of cultural diplomacy within the social media ecosystem; (2) identify patterns of identity politics narratives emerging in the context of digital diplomacy; and (3) examine their implications for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda. The study employs a qualitative literature review method using a narrative review design. Data were obtained from relevant books, journal articles, and scientific publications. The findings reveal three dominant themes: first, social media has shifted the paradigm of cultural diplomacy from one-way communication to a dynamic multipolar dialogue; second, identity politics in the digital sphere tends to produce two conflicting narrativesone emphasizing the strengthening of local identities and the other promoting global cultural homogenization; third, there is a positive correlation between the effectiveness of digital cultural diplomacy and the achievement of the SDGs, particularly Goal 4 (Quality Education), Goal 10 (Reduced Inequalities), Goal 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), and Goal 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). This study concludes that social media-based cultural diplomacy needs to be oriented toward an inclusive narrative approach that celebrates the diversity of identities, rather than exacerbating polarization, in order to support the achievement of sustainable and equitable development.

Bridging Digital Literacy Gaps Through Learning-By-Doing: An IOT Project-Based Curriculum for AI Literacy in Vocational Education

Hanifadinna, Asep Yunta Darma — Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This article examines curriculum innovation through the implementation of the institutional compulsory course, "Introduction to Data Literacy and Artificial Intelligence," at the Institut Teknologi Sains Bandung (ITSB) during the even semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The palm oil processing industry is rapidly transitioning toward automation and Industry 4.0 practices, demanding graduates equipped with data-driven practical skills (future skills) rather than mere mechanical competence. However, the implementation of this course faces significant demographic and pedagogical challenges: most students, primarily originating from outside Java, enter the program with limited prior experience in computer operations, yet rely heavily on generative AI platforms to complete assignments through uncritical copy-pasting—a pattern that erodes genuine conceptual understanding. To address this dual gap, this study introduces and evaluates a learning-by-doing methodology grounded in constructionism and experiential learning theories. Instead of theoretical assignments easily solved by AI, students are directly confronted with authentic technical problems (directly attach the problem): assembling simple electronic circuits based on the ESP32 microcontroller and sensors, and subsequently building fully functional mobile sensor-reading applications using the block-based drag-and-drop platform, MIT App Inventor. This approach is designed to position AI as a proportional assistant (co-pilot) that explains logic rather than acting as a substitute for cognitive processes, transforming students from passive consumers of AI text into active technology designers. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative case study design across three learning stages, this research reveals that visual block-based programming successfully bridges the coding capability gap for non-informatics students, enabling them to comprehensively understand the data flow—from sensor acquisition to data logging and cloud visualization—which is essential for adapting to an increasingly automated palm oil industrial environment. The article concludes with pedagogical implications, research limitations, and recommendations for expanding this approach to other vocational courses.