AI-Based Digital Transformation, Esg, And Firm Resilience: Moderating Role Of Islamic Governance In Jakarta Islamic Index
Keywords:
AI-based Digital Transformation, ESG, Firm Resilience, Islamic GovernanceAbstract
This study aims to examine the effect of AI-based digital transformation and ESG implementation on firm resilience, as well as the moderating role of Islamic governance among firms listed in the JII during the 2022–2024 period. This study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from annual reports, sustainability reports, and official corporate disclosures. AI-based digital transformation is measured based on AI-related disclosure in corporate reports, ESG implementation is measured using a sustainability disclosure index based on SEOJK No. 16/SEOJK.04/2021, while Islamic governance is measured using the Islamic Ethical Governance Disclosure Index. Firm resilience is measured using a principal component analysis-based index that captures profitability, liquidity, solvency, operational growth, and financial distress avoidance. The findings show that AI-based digital transformation and ESG implementation have positive effects on firm resilience. In addition, Islamic governance strengthens the effects of AI-based digital transformation and ESG implementation on firm resilience. Robustness tests using Altman Z-score, ESG sub-dimensions, and two-stage least squares provide consistent results. This study contributes to the literature by integrating AI-based digital capability, ESG practices, and Islamic governance in explaining firm resilience in the Islamic capital market context. The findings suggest that firm resilience is not only shaped by financial performance, but also by digital readiness, sustainability orientation, and ethical governance based on Islamic values.
References
Aydoğmuş, M., Gülay, G., & Ergun, K. (2022). Impact of ESG performance on firm value and profitability. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22, S119–S127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.11.006
Beglaryan, M., Drampyan, A., & Sargsyan, P. (2025). The impact of digitalization on promoting business during crisis: evidence from Armenian SMEs. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 16(10), 57–78. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-12-2022-0200
Capoani, L., Fantinelli, M., & Giordano, L. (2025). The concept of resilience in economics: a comprehensive analysis and systematic review of economic literature. Continuity & Resilience Review, 7(2), 121–145. https://doi.org/10.1108/CRR-11-2024-0045
Chau, L., Anh, L., & Duc, V. (2025). Valuing ESG: How financial markets respond to corporate sustainability. International Business Review, 34(3), 102418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102418
Cheng, M., & Corsaro, D. (2026). Dynamic capabilities in digital transformation: an institutional theory perspective from case studies of chinese B2B technology firms. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 41(7), 1045–1068. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-02-2025-0087
Dai, J., & Zhang, A. (2026). Does artificial intelligence (AI) adoption enable resilience to disruptions among firms? An in-depth examination. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 227, 124546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2026.124546
Dickson, R. K. (2025). Organizational Resilience as the Springboard for Organizational Success in a Turbulent Business Environment. European Journal of Management, Economics and Business, 2(2), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejmeb.2025.2(2).01
Gao, Y., Liu, S., & Yang, L. (2025). Artificial intelligence and innovation capability: A dynamic capabilities perspective. International Review of Economics & Finance, 98, 103923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.103923
Guo, Z., Jiang, W., & Ye, K. (2025). Interplay of ESG, Trust, and Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence From China’s Listed Companies. Sage Open, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251398698
Handajani, L., Sokarina, A., & Hamdani Husnan, L. (2026). Signaling sustainability: the impact of ESG risk and sustainability awards on the performance of ESG-leader firms. Cogent Business & Management, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2026.2627674
Huang, C., Kouretas, G. P., Nguyen, T. D., & Zhang, Y. (2026). Organization Capital and Firm Resilience to Cash Flow Shocks. Financial Review, 61(2), 451–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/fire.70024
Jöhnk, J., Ollig, P., Rövekamp, P., & Oesterle, S. (2022). Managing the complexity of digital transformation—How multiple concurrent initiatives foster hybrid ambidexterity. Electronic Markets, 32(2), 547–569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-021-00510-2
Khamisu, M. S., & Paluri, R. A. (2024). Emerging trends of environmental social and governance (ESG) disclosure research. Cleaner Production Letters, 7, 100079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clpl.2024.100079
Li, X., Fung, A., Fung, H.-G., & Jin, H. (2025). Enhancing firm resilience: A dual focus on value creation and risk mitigation. International Review of Financial Analysis, 106, 104562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104562
Li, Y., & Zhu, C. (2026). Govern digitalization with digitalization: government digital governance and corporate false digital disclosure. International Review of Economics & Finance, 106, 104974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2026.104974
Liu, X., Fu, J., & Wang, C. (2026). Reducing financial distress through digital institutional reform: Evidence from China’s business environment pilot. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 96, 103020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2025.103020
Liu, Y., Song, J., Zhou, B., & Liu, J. (2025). Artificial intelligence applications and corporate ESG performance. International Review of Economics & Finance, 104, 104559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104559
Muhammad, S. S., Dey, B. L., Kamal, M. M., Samuel, L., & Alzeiby, E. A. (2025). Digital transformation or digital divide? Smes’ use of AI during global crisis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 217, 124184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124184
Munonye, W. C., & Munonye, D. I. (2026). Beyond greenwashing: how circular economy metrics could revolutionize ESG investing. Frontiers in Sustainability, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2025.1588374
Naseer, M. M., Guo, Y., Bagh, T., & Zhu, X. (2024). Sustainable investments in volatile times: Nexus of climate change risk, ESG practices, and market volatility. International Review of Financial Analysis, 95, 103492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103492
Özer, G., Aktaş, N., & Çam, İ. (2024). Corporate environmental, social, and governance activities and financial reporting quality: An international investigation. Borsa Istanbul Review, 24(3), 549–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2024.03.001
Pan, H., Zou, N., Wang, R., Ma, J., & Liu, D. (2025). Artificial Intelligence Usage and Supply Chain Resilience: An Organizational Information Processing Theory Perspective. Systems, 13(9), 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13090724
Peng, X. (2025). Digital business model innovation and operational efficiency. Finance Research Letters, 85, 108036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2025.108036
Phillips, R. A., Schrempf-Stirling, J., & Buren, H. J. Van. (2026). Stakeholder Theory and Human Rights. Philosophy of Management, In Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40926-025-00360-4
Rahma, N., Sugiyanto, C., & Susamto, A. A. (2025). Bridging circular economy and Islamic economic principles: toward a sustainable economic model. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, In Press, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-01-2025-0038
Saeed, S., Altamimi, S. A., Alkayyal, N. A., Alshehri, E., & Alabbad, D. A. (2023). Digital Transformation and Cybersecurity Challenges for Businesses Resilience: Issues and Recommendations. Sensors, 23(15), 6666. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156666
Safón, V., Iborra, M., & Escribá-Esteve, A. (2024). Outcomes of firm resilience in wild card crises—Country, industry, and firm effects in the Covid-19 crisis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 100, 104177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104177
Sulaeman, S., Herianingrum, S., Ryandono, M. N. H., Napitupulu, R. M., Hapsari, M. I., Furqani, H., & Bahari, Z. (2025). Islamic business ethics in the framework of higher ethical objective (Maqasid al-Shariah): a comprehensive analysis and future research directions. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, In Press, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-12-2024-0398
Tumewang, Y. K., & Fakhrunnas, F. (2026). The impact of Sharia governance and ESG commitment on Islamic banks’ performance. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, In Press, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-01-2025-0046
Türegün, N. (2025). Digital transformation and cybersecurity risks. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 56, 100749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2025.100749
Wang, C., Zhang, X., Tao, Y., & Zhang, K. (2026). Artificial intelligence, dynamic capabilities, and innovation resilience: The contingent roles of market competition intensity and technological turbulence. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 16, 101004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2026.101004
Wang, H., Jiao, S., & Ma, C. (2024). The impact of ESG responsibility performance on corporate resilience. International Review of Economics & Finance, 93, 1115–1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2024.05.033
Wang, Z., Upadhyay, A., & Kumar, A. (2023). A real options approach to growth opportunities and resilience aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Modelling in Management, 18(4), 1124–1152. https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-12-2021-0302
Wu, Z., Long, S., & Wang, Y. (2025). ESG greenwashing and organizational resilience: Exploring sustainable development paths from the perspective of unsystematic risk. Journal of Environmental Management, 390, 126395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126395
Yáñez-Araque, B., Martínez-Ruiz, M. P., & Bulmer, E. (2026). Who survives and why? Beyond innovation, internationalization, size, and age: Configurational evidence from family and non-family firms in Spain. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 11, 100861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2025.100861
Yu, Z., Farooq, U., Alam, M. M., & Dai, J. (2024). How does environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance determine investment mix? New empirical evidence from BRICS. Borsa Istanbul Review, 24(3), 520–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2024.02.007
Zhang, M., Chen, X., Xie, H., Esposito, L., Parziale, A., Taneja, S., & Siraj, A. (2024). Top of tide: Nexus between organization agility, digital capability and top management support in SME digital transformation. Heliyon, 10(10), e31579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31579
Zou, M., & Yang, Y. (2026). Artificial Intelligence as a Catalyst for Dynamic Capabilities: How Resource Integration Reshapes Corporate Innovation. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 14, 100971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2026.100971
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Alya Larasati, Savero Darren Fadil Darmawan, Arti Widyaningsih, Alex Johanes Simamora

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.









