Comparative Analysis Of The Effect Of Financial Factors On Income Smoothing
Keywords:
Cash Holding, Financial Leverage, Firm Size, Income Smoothing, ProfitabilityAbstract
This study aims to compare the results of previous research regarding the effect of firm size, profitability, financial leverage, and cash holding on income smoothing based on 10 SINTA-accredited journal articles published during 2021–2025. The study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literature review approach. The data used are secondary data obtained from scientific journal articles discussing income smoothing as the dependent variable. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation and literature studies by identifying, selecting, and reviewing relevant journal articles. The data analysis technique used descriptive qualitative analysis with a comparative approach by comparing similarities and differences in research findings from each article. The results indicate that profitability and financial leverage are the variables most frequently influencing income smoothing practices. Companies with high profitability and leverage tend to conduct income smoothing to maintain earnings stability and create positive perceptions among investors and creditors. Meanwhile, firm size and cash holding show inconsistent results because several studies found significant effects, while others found no effect on income smoothing. Differences in research results are influenced by differences in company sectors, research periods, sample sizes, and analytical methods used in each study. Therefore, this study is expected to provide a broader understanding of the consistency of previous research findings and become a reference for future studies related to income smoothing practices in Indonesia.
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