Development of Flipbook-Based Thematic Learning to Improve Elementary School Students Learning Outcomes

Education is a means to lead to the growth and development of the nation. Flipbook-based thematic learning is an effort made so that students can improve learning outcomes. This study aims to examine and explore the application of flipbook teaching materials in thematic learning to improve learning outcomes. The method used in this research is a systematic literature study and in accordance with the discussion, namely thematic learning, flipbooks, and learning outcomes. Based on the results of a systematic review of the literature, flipbook-based thematic learning can be used as an alternative by teachers to improve student learning outcomes. However, the findings indicated that flipbook-based thematic learning can improve learning outcomes of elementary students through a positive impact on thematic learning in the elementary school students. Therefore, it is important to explore more detail on the efficient in delivering material and easy to understand and increase student interest in thematic learning.


Introduction
Education is a means to lead to the growth and development of the nation.Education is also a long-term investment in human resources that has strategic value for the continuity of human civilization in the world (Rizal, 2022).In its development, education means an effort carried out by a person or group of people to influence a person or group of people to become adults or reach a higher (mental) level of life and livelihood (Arifin, 2022).
Education is one of the fields that plays a very important role in contributing to the flow of technological development which will become a forum for educating the nation's life.The development of information technology should not only be a reality of changing times but needs to be addressed as a strategic opportunity as an opportunity to encourage interesting learning (Maghfirah et al., 2022).Education can develop humans so that they are able to face any changes that occur due to advances in technology and knowledge.Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is developing very rapidly along with the demands of various human needs.The presence of ICT facilitates various human activities, one of which is in the field of education.
Globalization affects the advancement of technology and information in today's world.Where it has a very big influence on the education process towards humans who have a responsible future.This means that students are trained to become human beings who are ready for changes that will occur in the future and dare to be responsible for the decisions that will be taken.This results in the world of education being required to be more creative in the learning process.Technology and education are closely related because technology can make education more advanced and also creative, if technology is used properly.
Thus, we can utilize information technology as a tool that can be used for students in learning activities so that it can make it easier for students to understand the material presented by educators.The world of education in Indonesia is currently using the 2013 curriculum, where the learning process is thematic-based.Thematic learning is integrated learning that uses themes to link several subjects so that it can provide meaningful learning experiences for students (Purbasari et al., 2022).The condition of thematic learning in elementary schools can be described as an obstacle that is often faced by teachers and students.Reality proves that the application and implementation of thematic learning models in schools are not as expected (Harjanto et al., 2021).The thematic approach has also not been fully implemented at all stages of learning activities.Some of the problems that occur include the thematic learning process only emphasizing on the completion of subject matter rather than on the formation of understanding and meaningfulness of the subject matter.In addition, the teaching materials used in learning also still use printed teaching materials.Whereas teaching materials are one of the components to support learning to be effective and efficient.Therefore, it is necessary to develop teaching materials.
The main purpose of a teacher in developing teaching materials is to make learning more effective, efficient, and in accordance with predetermined competencies.Therefore, a teacher is expected to be able to design and compile teaching materials that play a role in determining the success of the learning and learning process.However, the reality is that many teachers still rely on conventional teaching materials, which are just bought, instant, ready-to-use and without any effort to prepare, design and compile their own.Errors in the selection of teaching materials can result in less than maximum student understanding in learning so that it affects students' cognitive development.The quality of learning is also low when teachers only stick to conventional teaching materials without developing innovative and creative learning.The lack of innovation in the development of teaching materials also results in low student learning outcomes.
Teaching materials will have a great impact on the quality of classroom learning as they are an effective way to reflect learning.Digital or electronic teaching materials can be integrated with social networking sites by growing links for students to use.The development of social networking sites has created communication tools to assist many methods that can be applied in teaching and learning (Rizal, 2022).The availability of digital or electronic-based teaching materials is expected to stimulate thematic learning activities and improve student learning outcomes.
Flipbook-based Thematic Learning to improve learning outcomes of elementary school students is expected to help students improve their learning outcomes.This teaching material in the form of a flipbook-based e-module is editing software or an electronic book that is equipped with images, music, animation, video sound or other supporting material.In addition, it can also be flipped like a real book (Purbasari et al., 2022).Thus, the features in this thematic learning flipbook can increase understanding of the material because there is interactive media that is interesting and not monotonous.

Methodology
This method used a descriptive analysis and theoretical references that are relevant to the cases and problems found.In this study, researchers used journal reviews based on a number of empirical and conceptual articles on thematic learning flipbooks and improving student learning outcomes which explored a qualitative approach (Creswell, 2012).The data of this study are secondary data obtained through data collection techniques using literature review, namely in the form of analysis of data sources from national and international journals.This research procedure includes: 1) determining the research theme, namely Flipbook-Based Thematic Learning to Improve Elementary Students' Learning Outcomes; 2) searching and collecting various articles on the google scholar website, and so on; 3) classifying various types of articles relevant to the research theme; 4) citing relevant articles; 5) writing articles from the citation results with studying content analysis technique, which is studying the description of the content, characteristics of the message, and the development of a content.(Torres-Carrión, 2018).

Learning Outcomes
Students are subjects involved in teaching and learning activities at school.At the school students experience the learning process, after experiencing the learning process students are expected to change in accordance with what is learned.Learning is a process that takes place over a long period of time through practice and experience that leads to self-change changes in how to react to something (Rizal, 2022).
Learning outcomes are the abilities that students have after receiving their learning experience.These abilities include cognitive and psychomotor aspects, learning outcomes in the affective domain are not used, productive teachers are not obliged to assess affective domain learning outcomes.Learning outcomes can be seen through evaluation activities which aim to obtain evidentiary data that will show the level of students' ability to achieve learning objectives (Pradana & Santosa, 2020).
Learning outcomes are the abilities obtained by individuals after the learning process takes place, which can provide changes in behavior both knowledge, understanding, attitudes and skills of students so that they become better than before.In the teaching and learning process, the teacher does his job not only conveying material to students, but he is also required to help success in delivering subject matter, namely by evaluating teaching and learning outcomes.Good learning outcomes will be obtained by students if the learning process goes well, and vice versa, if the learning process goes poorly, the learning outcomes that will be obtained by students will also be poor.

Flipbook Teaching Materials
Teaching materials are a set of materials arranged systematically that can be used by students so as to create a condition that allows students to learn well.According to the Centre for Competency Based Training in (Rizal, 2022), teaching materials are all forms of written or unwritten materials used to assist educators (teachers, lecturers, and instructors) in carrying out the learning process in the classroom.The development of teaching materials needs to be done because of the lack of learning information sources and the lack of student independence to learn, so that this can be a major factor in hindering the achievement of learning objectives.Furthermore, limited school facilities in the procurement of teaching materials can also hinder the smooth learning process, so the development of teaching materials is needed so that students are able to be independent so that they do not always depend on the teacher during the learning process.Therefore, the availability of teaching materials is important to stimulate learning activities.
One of the supporting learning media that will help in the learning process is the use of electronic teaching materials, namely flipbooks.(Arianty et al., 2022) flipbook is a platform that offers digital book creation, the process is to visit the flipbook site, namely https://anyflip.com/,but before entering the Any Flip site, we must already have a file that we will make into digital teaching materials in the form of a PDF file.Flipbook is a software that can be used to create a book display or other teaching materials into a digital electronic book.Flipbook has several advantages including; 1) Can be used to convey learning material concisely, easily and practically; 2) Can be used in all rooms, both closed and open spaces; 3) Easy to carry everywhere (moveable); and 4) Can increase student learning activities and interests.Flipbook learning media is one of the teaching materials displayed in the form of electronic books.Flipbook learning media can be developed by writing text subject matter, accompanying it with interesting examples of images and videos related to the material, accompanying it with interesting audio effects, creating concept maps, quizzes, material summaries, and practice questions.

Discussion
Based on the results of literature review from several previous studies, it shows that Flipbook-Based Thematic Learning to Improve Learning Outcomes of Elementary Students.This can be found in research belonging to (Aperta & Amini, 2021) which states that flipbooks have a positive impact on thematic learning in grade IV SD.Learning using flipbook-based thematic learning media can provide many benefits, namely efficient in delivering material and easy to understand so as to increase student interest in thematic learning.
Previous research conducted by (Suryaningsih, 2021), also showed an increase in learning outcomes with the effect of using e-module flipbooks.With the digital module or e-module, it increases student interest in learning and reduces boredom, because flipbooks in digital form are attractive and interactive books.
Research that has been conducted by (Yulaika et al., 2020) shows that the use of flipbook-based electronic teaching materials can be said to be effective in improving learning outcomes because there are significant differences in learning outcomes before and after using flipbook teaching materials.This flipbook teaching material is able to improve learning outcomes because students find it easy to understand the material because it is supported by illustrations of images and videos of both material and practice questions.
In line with the findings in previous studies, research conducted by (Purbasari et al., 2022) also showed that the use of flipbook-based e-module media in the implementation of learning outcomes increased.Learning outcomes using flipbook-based e-modules are higher than learning outcomes before the application of flipbook-based e-modules.The use of flipbooks was also found in previous research belonging to (Setiadi et al., 2021) which states that the use of flipbook media in learning theme 8 subtheme 1 learning 3 and 4 and subtheme 3 learning 3 and 4 in class IV UPT SD Negeri 3 Tulungagung, has increased.And research conducted by (Utami et al., 2022) showed that students' blended learning outcomes increased with the help of flipbooks in class IV SD N 03 Madiun Lor compared to classes that did not use flipbook assistance in their learning.

Conclusion and Recommendation
Based on the results and discussion presented above, it can be concluded that flipbook-based thematic learning is learning that has a good impact on improving student learning outcomes in learning.This flipbookbased thematic learning can motivate student learning so that student learning outcomes increase.Flipbook-based thematic learning can train students to be creative and can stimulate student cognition, so it can be said that flipbook-based thematic learning is suitable and feasible to use to improve student learning outcomes in the learning process.