Trends In The Implementation Of Instructional Models In Educational Research: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v6i2.1510Keywords:
Instructional models, Educational research, Systematic Literature Review, PRISMA, Instructional approachAbstract
The increasing diversity of instructional models has provided educators with broader alternatives for designing learning experiences that accommodate subject characteristics, learning objectives, and students' needs. At the same time, the growing number of available models has made the selection of an appropriate instructional approach increasingly challenging. This study aims to identify, classify, and analyze the development of instructional models implemented in educational research through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, including the stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion of studies retrieved from reputable scientific databases based on predefined selection criteria. The selected articles were analyzed using descriptive and thematic approaches to identify the types of instructional models, research trends, and implementation characteristics across different educational levels. The findings indicate that problem-oriented, collaborative, inquiry-based, and project-based instructional models are the most frequently implemented approaches. Furthermore, the selection of instructional models is influenced by learning objectives, subject characteristics, educational level, and the competencies targeted for development. This review concludes that no single instructional model is universally effective for all learning contexts, highlighting the importance of selecting instructional models that align with specific educational conditions to achieve optimal learning outcomes.
References
AlAli, R. (2024). Enhancing 21st century skills through integrated STEM education using project-oriented problem-based learning. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites.
Arthamena, V. D., Ayubi, M., Atun, S., et al. (2025). Effectiveness of a problem-based learning model integrated with socio-scientific issues to improve science process skills of high school students. JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia).
Dini, N. A. I., & Rini, E. F. S. (2024). Integration of local potential in science learning to improve 21st-century skills. International Journal of Chemistry Education Research.
Fitriasih, F., Handayani, T., & Isfaeni, H. (2025). Smart biotech learning media: A STEAM-IoT based to improve students’ problem-solving abilities and collaboration skills. Journal of Biological Education Indonesia.
Joyce, B., Weil, M., & Calhoun, E. (2015). Models of teaching (9th ed.). Pearson.
Kurniawan, A., Juliangkary, E., Permata, R. A., et al. (2026). The development of GeoGebra in problem-based learning to enhance students’ mathematical critical thinking skills. Journal of Education and Learning.
Ling, Y., Zhou, L., Zhang, B., & Ren, H. (2024). Developing middle school students’ problem-solving ability through interdisciplinary project-based learning. Education for Chemical Engineers, 46, 1–11.
Marini, A., Muawanah, U., & Marfu, A. (2026). Enhancing critical thinking through problem-based learning: The role of student engagement and technology for education sustainability in Indonesia. Sustainable Futures.
Merrill, M. D. (2002). First principles of instruction. Educational Technology Research and Development, 50(3), 43–59.
Musonif, I., Romadona, M. A., Fatah, M. A., et al. (2026). Integrating multiple intelligences in problem-solving approaches to enhance fiqh learning for middle school students. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam.
Ndiung, S., & Menggo, S. (2024). Project-based learning in fostering creative thinking and mathematical problem-solving skills: Evidence from primary education in Indonesia. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Education.
Nnamdi, M. C., Tamo, J. B., Marteau, B., et al. (2026). Advancing problem-based learning in biomedical engineering in the era of generative AI. IEEE Transactions on Education.
Novitasari, M., & Fathoni, A. (2025). The implementation of the problem-based learning model with Wordwall application on the mathematics learning motivation of Grade 3 students. Journal of Educational Sciences.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71.
Rehman, N., Huang, X., & Mahmood, A. (2025). Altering students’ attitude towards learning mathematics through project-based learning: A mathematics project. South African Journal of Education.
Retno, R. S., Purnomo, P., Hidayat, A., et al. (2025). Conceptual framework design for STEM-integrated project-based learning (PjBL-STEM) for elementary schools. Asian Education and Development Studies.
Rizal, M., Muliani, S., Kaharu, S. N., et al. (2025). Application of STEAM in PBL to improve creativity and science learning outcomes: Case study of learning at SD Inpres Tanamodindi Palu. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA.
Şahin, Ş., & Kılıç, A. (2026). Comparison of the effectiveness of project-based 6E learning and problem-based quantum learning: Solomon four-group design. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning.
Siswanto, D. H., Kuswantara, H., et al. (2025). Implementation of problem based learning approach culturally responsive teaching to enhance engagement and learning outcomes in algebraic function limit. European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education.
Sulistyawati, W. (2025). Enhancing young learners’ creative thinking through problem-based learning: An Indonesian early childhood education context. Journal of Educational Technology Innovation.
Susanti, E., Aisyah, N., & Silaen, E. O. (2025). Developing STEM-based digital worksheet to encourage students’ problem-solving skills. Indiktika: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika.
Utami, E., Arono, A., Yunita, W., Safnil, S., et al. (2025). Indonesian students’ perspectives on problem-based and multicultural learning in basic reading comprehension. EduBase: Journal of Basic Education.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Arista Lindi Alvita, Isnandar Slamet, Budi Usodo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
